tif;
tNyifrSm&JawGYw,f
igwkdYqDvmw,fxifvkdYvm;
raNymwwfbl;
b,fvkdvJawmh rodbl;
igwkdY eHygwfNym;awG taMuG;u'fawG tukefvJNyD;NyD
olwkdYoGm;NyD
rSm;wmyg
awGYvm;
bmrSmpkd;&drfp&mr&Sdygbl;
at; 0&rf;aNy;Nzpf&wJhb0u odyf aysmfp&maumif;wmukd;
aumifrav;awGu tEÅ&m,f&Sdr,fhykHrsdK;ukdoabmusw,fav
tck rif;bm&xm;vJ
rif;aemufaewmvm;
b,fvkd&rvJ
rif; ighudkrkdifig;q,fywfvnfae&mrSm vSnfhywf&Smckdif;xm;wm
aysmufoGm;wJhvlawGtukefvkH; tJh'DrSmyJ aysmufoGm;Muwmav
tif; odyfaumif;wJhtpaygh
rif;a&m
wpfckyJ iguawmh 'gvkdyJxifw,f
igwkdY vkdufaewJhaumifu *sifyJ
*sif [kwfvm;
tif;
'DaumifawGu wu,fyJ awmif;wJhqkawG Nznfhay;Ekdifw,fvkdYxifvm;
raNymwwfbl;
olwkdYrSm vkyfay;EkdifwJhtpGrf;&SdwmawmhtrSefyJ 'gayr,fh aNcyGabmif;bD0wfxm;wJh bmb&mt,f'ifeJYawmhwlrSr[kwfbl;
*sifawGu ESpf&mpkeJYcsDNyD;awmh vlpm;vmwm
ukd&rfxJrSm trsm;MuD;ygw,f
bk&m;a&
bmb&muvef;awmhvef;w,faemf
bD0SpfcsfxJu aumifrav;xufykdvef;w,f
rif;igaNymaewm em;aumaxmif&JUvm;
tif;
*sifu b,fae&mrSm aewwfvJ
ykHrSeftm;Nzifhawmh tysuftpD;awGxJrSm
MuD;avaumif;avyJ ykef;zkdYae&m&wmaygh
igNyD;cJhwJhwpfrdkifavmufrSm wpfckawGYcJhw,f
igoGm;Munfhvkdufr,f..
aeOD; aeOD; rvkyfeJY
ighukdt&ifvmac:OD;
bmrSr[kwfavmufygbl;
ig 'dtwkdif;avQmufMunfhrSmyg
'if;ef
qrf
bmawGNzpfaewmvJ
rodbl;
igb,fa&mufaevJ rodbl;
bm
b,fvkdNzpfoGm;wmvJ
ighudk *sifu wkdufckdufvkdufwm
*sif
rif; *sifaomufaewmvm;
r[kwfbl; iwkH; *sif av aMumufp&mowÅ0g
rSwfrdvm;
ol ighay:vufwifvkdufwmeJY ig aumifrav;tvef;wpfa,mufab;rSma&mufoGm;w,f
b,folvJ umref;vm;
b,fol..
a[haumif rif;rl;aeNyD
rif; rl;NyD; ighudkzkef;qufaewm
igraomufygbll;
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tcktdyfvkdufawmh reufusrSawGYwmaygh
aeOD; qrf
qrf
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avm&efYpfwJhvm;
bmNzpfwmvJ
tcspf
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umref;..
ig..tckenf;enf;.. - &SiftdyfvkdYraysmfwm r[kwfvm;
tif;
NyefvmcJhav uGsefr tdyfaysmfatmif wpfckckvkyfay;r,f
tif;
cPae&if vmcJhr,f
rif; oGm;ESifhvkduf
tkdau
tMumMuD; rtdyfyJraeeJYaemf
[ifhtif;
'if;ef
tar
om; bmvmvkyfwmvJ
aeaumif;&JUvm;
rodbl;
vmav txJ0if
tckav;wif umref;u om; &kwfw&uf xGufoGm;w,fqkdNyD; zkef;qufw,f
umref;
tif;
uGsefawmf wpfckar;r,faemf
uGsefawmf uav;b0wkef;u tar uGsefawmfukd tdyf,mxJodyfwJhtcg bmaNymwwfvJ
- tar em;rvnfbl; - aNzrSmom aNzprf;yg
om;ukd wrefawmfawG apmifhMunfh aeay;w,fvkdY aNymw,f
r,kHEkdifp&myJ
om; taraMumif;vmNyDxifw,f
tck bmawGNzpfaewmvJ aNymygOD;
- tar qkawmif;awGqkdwm..wu,fyJ.. - wu,fyJ - bmNzpfvJ
xm;vkdufyg..
xm;vkdufyg
tarhukdawGY&wm0rf;omvkdYyg
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taru vSw,faemf
bm
uGsefawmf i,fi,fwkef;u 'DtdrfrSm rD;avmifcJhao;vm;
[ifhtif; ravmifygbl;
uGsefawmfu avmifw,fxifaewm
uGsefawmfrSm;wmaygh
tazu abmvkH;aysmhtzGJYxJrSmygw,f
'g uGsefawmfhtwGuf&,fp&myJ
olu tJh'Dtoif;ukdodyfcspfcJhwmav
taz uqkH;oGm;NyDvm;
ol aooGm;wmu..
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tdyfaysmfae&if; toufxGufoGm;wmav
rif; odom;yJ
aumif;om;yJ
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ol nifnifomomqkH;oGm;wm aumif;w,fvkdYaNymwm
wpfNcm;NzpfzkdYenf;awG &Sdw,fav
rif; t&ufawGaomufxm;wmvm;
raomufygbl; tar
tar umref;udkzkef;qufNyD; rif;ukd vmac:ckdif;vkdufr,f
[ifhtif; aeOD; aeOD;
rvkyfygeJY
uGsefawmf 'DrSmaecsifw,f
bmvkdYvJ
tdrfukdvGrf;vkdYyg
&ygw,f
tar tdyf,m0ifygawmh
rif; bmrSrNzpfwm aocsmw,faemf
xifygw,f
tkdau
tem;,lvdkufOD;
cspfw,f
a[h igyg
ig zkef;ukdifvkdYr&ao;bl;
igrif;udk ightwef;xJrSmwpfcgrS rNrifzl;bl;xifygw,f
q&m aemufaewmvm;
uGsefawmfu q&mhvufcsmawGukd odyfoabmuswm
q&mu pmawGukd aysmfp&m aumif;atmif oifwwfw,f
'Dawmh bmvkyfay;&rvJ..
*sifawGeJYywfoufNyD; q&modoavmuf &Sif;Nyygvm;
rGwfpvif bmom0ifawG tawmfrsm;rsm;u *sif qkdwm wu,f&Sdw,fvkdY,kHMunfMuw,f
ukd&rfxJrSmawmif xnfha&;xm;ao;w,f tif; qkawmif;wJhtykdif;ukdaNymygOD;
tJh'g bmNzpfvkYdvJ
olwkdY wu,fvkyfEkdifw,fxifvkdYvm;
[ihftif;
wu,fvkyfEkdifw,fvkYdawmh igrxifbl;
olwkdYu '@m&Dvm owÅ0gawGqkdwm rif;vJ em;vnfom;yJ
tif; uGsefawmftJh'gukdodygw,f
odygw,f
uGsefawmfu tJh'DZmwfvrf;awGxJrSmaNymwm qkawmif;cJhzl;w,fyJxm;ygawmh yg;pyfuzGifhaNymvdkYr&bl;
ukd,fcspfwJholwpfa,muf b,fwkef;u raocJhzl;ovkd t&rf;qkd;&Gm;wJhtNzpftysufwpfckrNzpfysufcJhzl;ovkd
tJh'Dvkdawmh [kwfw,f
olwkdYu bk&m;ocifvkdtpGrf;rsdK;&Sdw,f
olwkdYu tNzpfrSefavmuukd olwkdYoabmusovkd appm;aNymif;vJEkdifw,f twdwf vuf&Sd tem*wf
*sifu bmvkdY'Dvkdvkyf&wmvJ
b,fvkdrsdK;vJ ukd,fhukd,fukdumuG,fwJhoabmvm;
'gqkd&ifawmh olwkdYuwu,fhraumif;qkd;0g; b,f[kwfyghrvJ
om;
rif; rl;aewmvm;
uGsefawmfhudk vlwdkif; 'gyJar;aewmyJ r[kwfygbl;
b,folupOf;pm;rdrSmvJ
igwkdYu NynfolawGyJ
'gpm;zl;orxJrSmtaumif;qkH;qif'GpfcsfyJ
aus;Zl;
uGsefawmfckeu qrfukd zkef;qufao;w,f
olb,fa&mufaewmvJ
ol vmygvdrfhr,f
tif;
uGsefawmf olYukdt&rf;awGYcsifaewm
- om;.. tarhukdtxifawmhrvGJeJY
rif; 'DrSmwpfcsdefvkH;vmaewm taroabmusygw,f 'gayr,fh tvkyfroGm;awmhbl;vm;
tvkyf
um;0yfa&SmhrSmav
tif;
0yfa&Smh
tJh'DrSm uGsefawmftvkyfvkyfwm tif;
[ifhtif; uGsefawmf cGifh,lxm;w,f
aumif;om;yJ
tdrfa&SUNrufcif;u &dwfzkdYvkdaeNyDxifw,f
om;u Nrwf&dwfcsifw,f [kwfvm;
tar aemufaewmvm;
uGsefawmfNruf&dwf&wm 0goemygygw,f
oabm&SdyJ
rif;b0rSm wpfcgrSNrufr&dwfcJhzl;ygvm;vkdY xifoGm;r,f
r,kHEdkifp&myJ
*sufqDum
awGY&wm0rf;omygw,f 'if;ef
uGsefr touf&IvkdYr&awmhbl;
qrfrD
Munfhprf;ygOD;
rif;u *sufqDumeJYwGJaeygvm;
r,kHEdkifp&myJ
tif;
rif;wkdY b,fuvmwmvJ
igwkdY u,fvDzkd;eD;,m;uvmwmav
u,fvDzkd;eD;,m;
pwef;zkdY'f r[kwfvm;
Oya'ausmif;aemf
rif; tarharG;aeYukdt&ufuav;eJYpw,faemf ykHrSeftwdkif;yJ
aeygOD;
- tarharG;ae.. 'DaeYvm;
[kwfw,f 'if;ef 'DaeY
tJh'gaMumifh igwkdYvmcJhwmav
rif;arhaeNyDrvkyfeJYaemf
tif;
tawmfvef;wmyJ
tarhtwGuf
aysmf&TifzG,farG;aeYNzpfygap
aus;Zl;
raeYu uGsefr&Sifhukdpdwfylaewm..
tkd; bmrSrNzpfygbl;
wu,fhukdbmrSrNzpfygbl;
tkdau
'gNyD;&if csdpfbm*g oGm;pm;&atmif
tif; 'gaygh
ig'Davmufvef;wJhaumifrav;eJY b,fvkdMudKufoGm;wmvJ
uGsefru tqifhtwef;edrfhw,fav
*sufpfeJY uGsefawmfeJYtarharG;aeYrSmwpfNcm; tHhMop&mwpfck&Sdao;w,f
aNymrvm;
&Sifhrdom;pkyJ
bmvJ
bmaNymrSmvJ
bk&m;a&
aysmfzkdYaumif;vkdufwm
*kPf,lygw,f
om;tazudk&Sdapcsifvkdufwm
tif; [kwfw,f
*kPf,lygw,f qrfrD
aus;Zl;
rif;aysmfaewm ig0rf;omygw,f
'geJY 'if;ef ckeu pm;aomufqkdifrSm bmawGNzpfwmvJ
igwpfa,mufa,mufukdNrifvkdufovkdxifvkdYyg
bmrSr[kwfygbl;
'DaeY tarhtwGufaysmfp&marG;aeYyJ
aus;Zl;wifw,f
igawmhyifyef;aeNyD
tdyfawmhrvm;
tif;
*GwfEkdufaemf
aeygOD;
ukd;em&Dawmifrxkd;ao;bl;
wpfckckoGm;aomufMur,fav
tif; tif; aemufwpfacgufaygh
rif;uvJ
igwkdYukdMunfygOD;
ESpfa,mufvkH;rSm rdef;rvSav;awGukd,fpDeJY
rif;vJaphpyfxm;w,f
oGm; atmifyGJcHwmaygh
cPaemf
ightpfukdeJYpum;aNymOD;r,f
tif;
vm umref;
vmygOD;
bmvJ
tkdau
rif; bmawGNzpfaewmvJ
bmudkaNymwmvJ
tckNzpfaewJh aEG;aEG;axG;axG;eJY vIdufvIdufvSJvSJMud;vkyfaewmawG
igrif;twGuf aysmfvkdYyg qrfrD
tif; aemufwpfck&Sdao;w,f
rif;ighukdb,fwkef;u qrfrDvkdYpac:wmvJ
'if;ef rif;uvJ
igwkdYawG xl;xl;Ncm;Ncm;r&Sd&if pum;raNymwwfcJhbl;
raNymbl;vm;
'gNzifhvJ aNymoifhwmaygh
rif;u ighnDyJ
rif;u ighnDyJ[kwfvm;
tif;
ighatwDtrfuckd;wkef;u ighbGJYESif;obifrwufwkef;u a&cs,faehAfudkvkoGm;wkef;u rif;aNymcJhwmvJ 'Dpum;yJ
b,fol
- igausmif;uyGJwufwJhwpfa,mufav uyGJnu
tif; igvkyfr,fhykHrsdK;ygyJ
igtJh'DtwGuf pdwfraumif;ygbl;
[ifhtif; &ygw,f
igu rif;udkaNymif;vJzkdYawmif;qkdaewmr[kwfbl;
igawG;rdwmu..tif;..raNymwwfbl;
igwkdYESpfa,mufMum;rSmwlwJhtcsufwpfckrS r&Sdbl; rif;odvm;
aeOD;
tif; &Sdygw,f
&Sdygw,f
bmvJ
trJvkdufwm
ighb0rSmwpfcgrS trJrvkdufcJhzl;bl; 'if;ef
tif; 'gNzifh wpfcgwpfav oGm;vkduf&atmif
rif; awmfrSmyg
enf;enf;tem;,klvdkufOD;
ightMudKufqkH;
rif;u ighudkawmfawmfodw,fxifw,f
pdwfraumif;ygbl;
&Sif tqifaNy&JUvm;
qrfrDeJYigu odyfrwnfhbl;
tif; &SifwkdYodyfvJrqkHNzpfMubl;av
&SifwkdYwpfa,muftaMumif;wpfa,mufvJ odyfrodMubl;xifygw,f
aNym&r,fqkd&if &SifeJYreD;pyfwJhtwGuf olYbufu epfemwmyg
ig qrfeJYMum;u udpöawGNyefNyif&r,f
igolYukdNyefvkyfay;&r,f
tm;vkH;udka&m
tkdau
&Sif tckwavm bmawGNzpfaewmvJ
rif;twGufawmh vkH;0 em;vnfEkdifrSmr[kwfbl;
'gayr,fh ightwGufawmh 'kwd,tMudrf tcGifhta&;ay;cH&ovkdyJ
tJh'gukd tv[órNzpfapcsifbl;
&SifrSefwmaygh
uGsefr bmrSem;rvnfEkdifbl;
igawmh oabmaygufw,f
bmudkvJ
bmaMumifh rif;eJYzl;pmNzpf&vJqkdwm
tif;
&Sif bmyJNzpfaeae uGsefr oabmusw,f
'DvkdrvkyfygeJY
uGsefr tvkyfoGm;zkdYNyif&OD;r,f
rif;u tckrS tvkyfoGm;rvkdY
uGsefraNymxm;w,fav
uGsefr Mumoyaw;qkdn*sLwD&Sdw,f
rif; nbuftvkyfvkyfwm..tif;
aq;&kHrSm
igu olemNyKeJYwGJaewmygvm;
av;pm;p&myJ
'DaeY[m ,lEkdufwufb&pfwefeD,m zvkduf 424 &JU ESpfywfvnfaeYNzpfygw,f
tif'D,memykdvpf NrdKUom;rsm;[m toufqkH;&IH;cJh&wJh 0efxrf;eJY c&D;onf 108 OD;twGuf trSwfw&za,mif;wkdifxGef;qkawmif;cJhMuygw,f
ig 'DysufusrIukdwm;cJhwmyJ
tm;vkH;..
tazu,fcJhorQvlawG..uGsefawmfeJYqrfrD u,fcJhorQvlawG..
olwkdYtm;vkH;aoukefNyD
uGsefawmfhukdaNcmufvSefYaewJhrdef;rwpfa,mufvJ&Sjdw,f
bmaMumifhrSef;rodbl;
bmawGqufpyfaevJ uGsefawmfrodbl; rodao;bl;ayghav
Munfh&wm uGsefawmfhb0a[mif;u uGsefawmfhaemuf vkdufvmovkdyJ uGsefawmfhudkraysmfapcsifovkdyJ..
taz bmaNymrvJ uGsefawmfodygw,f
aqmhzfabmupm;wJh tazr[kwfbl; 'gayr,fh tJh'D *sif ukdoGm;owf
olYu rif;ukd'DrSmxm;cJhwm
rif;ukdNyefykdYEkdifrSmyJ
rif;&JUaysmf&TifrIawGeUJ 'DvlawG&JUtoufawG EIdif;vkdY&rvm;
[kwfw,frvm;
'gayr,fh bmaMumifhvJ
vlawGukdu,f&r,fhtvkyfu bmvkdY uGsefawmfhtvkyfyJNzpfaewmvJ
uGsefawmfu bmvkdYol&Jaumif;xvkyf&wmvJ
uGsefawmfwkdYb0ua&m
taru olYtouf&SifaecGifhr&Sdbl;vm;
qrfrDa&m tdrfaxmifrNyK&awmhbl;vm;
bmvkdY uGsefawmfwkdYu tm;vkH;ukdpGefYvTwf&wmvJ taz
'gu..
tif;
vG,fvkdufwm..rif;&Sufp&myJ
'if;ef
rif; 'DrSmbmvmvkyfaewmvJ
igbD,mvm&Smwm
w&kwfAD&kdxJrSm
tJh'g tarhaiGxnfawG
qrf
rif;tarhaiGxnfawG ckd;zkdY tdrfxJ ckd;0ifvmwmvm;
tJh'Dvkdr[kwfygbl;
ighrSma&G;p&mvrf;r&SdawmhvkdY
atmf [kwfvm;
bmaMumifhvJ
rif;ukd,fhtarqDu ukd,fNyefckd;&atmif b,favmufta&;MuD;aevkdYvJ
trSefwkdif;aNym&rvm;
tif;
vkdcsifw,f
ig vlwpfa,mufukdtaMuG;wifaew,f
b,folvJ
'kdifwpfa,muf
ig tMuD;tus,f&IH;oGm;w,f
'Dn aiGoGm;ay;rS&rSm
igwkdY trsdK;awmfaewm r,kHEkdifp&myJ
qrf aqm&D;yg
igwkdY tqifraNycJhwmawG aqm&D;yg
ig qufaeNyD;awmh tJh'gawG NyKNyifcsifygao;w,f
'gayr,hf igvkyfrSNzpfawmhr,f
vlawGtoufawGu 'Dtay:rSmrlwnfaew,f
rif; bmawGaNymaewmvJ 'if;ef
bmrSr[kwfbl;
xm;vkdufygawmh..
tarhukd cspfw,fvkdYaNymay;yg
'if;ef
aemufrSawGYr,f qrfrD
um;xJuxGuf
igrif;eJYvkdufr,f
rif;yg&if aES;aerSmyJ&Sdw,f
'gtEÅ&m,frsm;w,f rif;'Pf&m&oGm;Ekdifr,f
rif;a&myJav
qrf
rif; bmawGyJ rkdufrkdufrJrJ vkyfvkyf rif;wpfa,muf wnf;rvkyf&bl; 'gyJ
igem;rvnfbl;
rif; bmvkdY'DvkdvkyfwmvJ
rif;u ightpfukdyJav
aumifr
rif;u bmvkdYighukd aumifr vkdYac:wmvJ
rif;u ighudk vl,kwfrm vkdYNyefac:&rSmav
bm
xm;vkdufyg
tdwfxJu bmvJ
bmrSr[kwfbl;
tif; bmrSr[kwfbl;
aumif;NYyDav
rif; rzGifhoifhbl;aemf
atmf [kwfvm;
'gubmvJ
aoG;awG
aoG;awGqkdwm igNrifygw,f
b,fvkdvkyf 'Da&mufvmwmvJ
rif; rodcsifygbl;
[ifhtif; igwu,fukdodcsifw,f
wu,fyg
rif; taES;eJYtNrefod&awmhrSmyg
ig aiG"m;vkdcsifw,fqkdwmu okd;&JUaoG;xJpdrfzkdY
okd;&UJaoG;xJudkpdrfzkdY
bmaMumifhvJ
bmaMumifhvJqkdawmh *sif qkdwJhowÅ0gwpfaumif&Sdw,f igtJh'Daumifukd vkduf&r,f
tkdau um;&yfvkduf
b,fvkdykHaygufoGm;rvJ igodygw,f
aumif;NyD
um;&yfvkdufyg
tJh'gtrSefyJ qrf
tJh'Dvkd owÅ0gawG tarSmifxJrSm&Sdaew,f
owÅ0gqkd;awG
tdrfrufqkd;xJu[mawG
vlawGvJ u,fwifcH&r,f igwkdYru,f&if u,fr,fholr&Sdbl;
igrif;ukd ulnDcsifygw,f
wu,fyg
rif;tck avmavmqnf pdwfupOfhuvsm;Nzpfaewm
bmvkyfwmvJ 'if;ef
tJh'g ighzkef;av
ig &mbmcef;xJr0ifEkdifbl; qrfrD igwkdYrSmtvkyfvkyfzkdY&Sdw,f
igrif;ukd ulnDzkdYMudK;pm;aewm 'if;ef
rif; xdckdufwmrNrifcsifvkdY
rif;u ighudkumuG,fr,f
tif;
&,fp&maumif;vkdufwm
rif; [mrif;NidrfNidrf;xdkifaeNyD; igwkdY ESpfa,mufvkH; raooGm;&atmifxdef;prf;yg
igwkdYb,fa&mufaewmvJ
uef;qwfrSmawmhr[kwfawmhbl;
tDvDEGdKuf
'DxJrSmwpfckck&Sdaew,fvkdY rif;xifw,fvm;
&Sdwmukdodw,f
awGYvm;
bmrSr&Sdygbl;
umref; tckavmufqkd rif;udk t&rf; pdwfylaeavmufNyD
vmyg
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tJh'g bmvJ
ighaemufrSmaeNyD; yg;pyfydwfxm;
bmvJ[
tJh'g olyJ
'if;ef bmawGNzpfaewmvJ
taz b,frSmvJ
[ifhtif;
rvkyfeJY
taz b,frSmvJ
tdyfawmh
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rif; r&l;bl;
olb,frSmvJqkdwm olrodbl;
olYtazeJYtwl&Sdw,fvkdY olxifaewm
wu,fvkdY *sif vkyfay;Ekdifwm 'gyJqkd&ifaum
olu qkawmif;ukdNznfhay;wmr[kwfbl;
NynfhoGm;NyDvkdY xifatmifvkyfay;wm
a[haumif [kdowÅ0gu NyefvmEkdifw,faemf
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